The structural aspect of water loss
Climate change is threatening agriculture and drought stress is therefore a critical factor for crop plants. Plants grow by water uptake from the roots which, at the cellular level, is used as turgor pressure of the vacuole enabling cell expansion.
Ecological aspects of heavy metal stress in bryophytes
Evolutionary situated between green algae and seed plants, bryophytes were among the first land plants. Unlike seed plants, mosses do not possess a sophisticated root and vascular system.